Timeline

See the whole story at a glance.

Luther's life, the church's two thousand years, and the Bible's big story, each drawn to scale. Tap any part of a line to go deeper.

Test yourself: Timeline Sort ›

Martin Luther, 1483 to 1546

Sixty-two years, eleven stops on the trail. Tap a stretch of the line to jump to it.

14831500151715301546
  • 1505 The storm
  • 1517 Ninety-Five Theses
  • 1521 Worms
  • 1546 Dies
  • Drawn to scale
  • Turning point
1483 to 1501

Growing up

Born in Eisleben to a mining family, Martin grows up in nearby Mansfeld and goes to Latin school. His father plans for him to become a lawyer.

Key moments

  • 1483Born in Eisleben on November 10, baptized the next day
  • 1484The family moves to Mansfeld
  • 1497Sent away to school, later in Eisenach

People

  • Hans and Margarethe Luther His parents

Big ideaLuther's life started like many others: a baby baptized the day after he was born, with parents who had big plans.

Go deeper

1501 to 1512Turning point

The anxious monk

A law student is caught in a lightning storm and vows to become a monk. For years he prays, fasts, and confesses, and still can't feel sure that God loves him.

Key moments

  • 1501Starts at the University of Erfurt
  • 1505The storm on July 2. Enters the monastery two weeks later
  • 1507Becomes a priest
  • About 1510Travels to Rome on business for his order

People

  • Johann von Staupitz His mentor, who kept pointing him to Jesus

Big ideaLuther's later message, that God's love is a gift, came out of years when he couldn't believe it.

Go deeper

1512 to 1521Turning point

The debate

Now a Bible professor in Wittenberg, Luther questions the sale of indulgences. His Ninety-Five Theses spread across Germany, and he is called before the emperor.

Key moments

  • 1512Becomes a professor in Wittenberg
  • 1517Sends out the Ninety-Five Theses on October 31
  • 1520Writes that all baptized Christians are priests
  • 1521Stands before the emperor at Worms in April

People

  • Johann Tetzel Indulgence seller
  • Charles V The young emperor
  • Frederick the Wise Luther's protector

Big ideaOne professor's questions about forgiveness grew into the Reformation.

Go deeper

1521 to 1527

Hidden and home

Friends hide Luther in the Wartburg, where he translates the New Testament into everyday German. Back in Wittenberg, he marries Katharina von Bora and starts a busy household.

Key moments

  • 1521Hidden at the Wartburg as “Knight George”
  • 1522His German New Testament is printed
  • 1523Katharina and eleven other nuns escape their convent
  • 1525Martin and Katharina marry on June 13
  • 1526A German order of worship

People

  • Katharina von Bora His wife, who ran the household
  • Philipp Melanchthon His closest coworker

Big ideaThe Bible in the people's own language, and faith lived out at home.

Go deeper

1527 to 1546Turning point

Teaching the faith

Luther writes the Small Catechism so families can learn the faith at home. His friends present the Augsburg Confession to the emperor. His full German Bible is printed. He dies in Eisleben, where he was born.

Key moments

  • 1529The Small Catechism, and a prayer book with fifty Bible pictures
  • 1530Waits at Coburg while the Augsburg Confession is read on June 25
  • 1534His full German Bible is printed
  • 1546Dies in Eisleben on February 18

People

  • Philipp Melanchthon Wrote the Augsburg Confession

Big ideaLuther spent his last years making the faith plain enough to teach at the kitchen table.

Go deeper

See where Luther fits in two thousand years of the church ›

The church, from Pentecost to today

About two thousand years. Luther's whole life is the thin stretch in the middle.

AD 30AD 50010001500Today
  • AD 30 Pentecost
  • 1517 Reformation
  • Drawn to scale
  • Long, quieter stretch
  • Turning point
About AD 30 to 313Turning point

The first Christians

Jesus' friends start telling the good news in Jerusalem. The church spreads across the Roman world, often misunderstood and sometimes persecuted.

Key moments

  • About 30The Holy Spirit comes at Pentecost
  • 50sPaul writes his letters, the oldest writings in the New Testament
  • About 70The Gospel of Mark

People

  • Peter Preached at Pentecost
  • Paul Carried the faith across the empire

Big ideaIt started with a handful of people who couldn't stop talking about an empty tomb.

Go deeper

313 to about 600

Creeds and councils

Christianity becomes legal. Church leaders meet and put the faith into words. The Bible is translated into Latin.

Key moments

  • 313Emperor Constantine makes Christianity legal
  • 325The Council of Nicaea writes the first form of the Nicene Creed
  • About 400Jerome translates the Bible into Latin

People

  • Jerome Bible translator

Big ideaThe Nicene Creed we still say on Sunday comes from this time.

Go deeper

About 600 to 1500

The long middle

Nearly a thousand years of monasteries, cathedrals, and handwritten Bibles. East and West split. At the very end, the printing press changes everything.

Key moments

  • 1054The church in the East and the West split apart
  • 1380sThe first full Bible in English, copied by hand
  • About 1455Gutenberg prints a Bible

Big ideaFor centuries, Bibles were copied by hand. Printing made it possible for ordinary families to own one.

Go deeper

1517 to the late 1500sTurning point

The Reformation

Luther's questions about forgiveness start the Reformation. The Bible and the service are put into the people's languages.

Key moments

  • 1517The Ninety-Five Theses
  • 1529The Small Catechism
  • 1530The Augsburg Confession
  • 1534Luther's full German Bible
  • 1536William Tyndale, who translated the Bible into English, is executed

People

  • Martin Luther
  • Katharina von Bora
  • Philipp Melanchthon

Big ideaWe are made right with God by grace, through faith in Christ.

Go deeper

1638 to the 1800s

Lutherans come to America

Swedish, Dutch, German, and Danish Lutherans settle in North America and start churches in their own languages, often with no pastor at all.

Key moments

  • 1638Swedish Lutherans settle along the Delaware River
  • 1742Henry Melchior Muhlenberg arrives in Pennsylvania
  • 1748The first Lutheran synod in America
  • 1832Jehu Jones becomes the first Black Lutheran pastor in America

People

  • Henry Melchior Muhlenberg Traveled from church to church on horseback
  • Jehu Jones Started a congregation in Philadelphia

Big ideaEach wave of newcomers brought the faith in its own language.

Go deeper

1900 to today

The church today

Lutherans live on every continent. Churches join together, admit wrongs, and work with other Christians. The story is still being written, and you're part of it.

Key moments

  • 1945Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a pastor who resisted the Nazis, is executed on April 9
  • 1970The first women pastors in churches that later formed the ELCA
  • 1988The ELCA begins on January 1
  • 1994The ELCA rejects Luther's writings against Jewish people and says it is deeply sorry
  • 1999Lutherans and Catholics sign a joint statement on grace and faith

People

  • Dietrich Bonhoeffer Pastor and martyr

Big ideaGrace is free, and it calls us to follow Jesus together.

Go deeper

Go back further: the Bible's whole story ›

The Bible's big story

From creation to the first churches. Early dates are estimates, and scholars don't agree on them.

2000 BC1500 BC1000 BC500 BCAD 100
  • 1900 BC Abraham
  • 1250 BC The Exodus
  • 5 BC Jesus is born
  • AD 30 Easter and Pentecost
  • Drawn to scale
  • Long, quieter stretch
  • Dates unknown
  • Turning point
About 2000 to 1700 BC, by many estimatesTurning point

The promise

God calls Abraham and Sarah and promises that through their family, all the families of the earth will be blessed. The promise passes to Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph.

Key moments

  • God's promise to Abraham
  • Isaac and Jacob
  • Joseph is sold by his brothers, then saves them

People

  • Abraham and Sarah
  • Jacob
  • Joseph

Big ideaAbraham trusted God's promise, and God counted his trust as righteousness.

Go deeper

About 1700 to 1050 BC, by many estimatesTurning point

Rescued and led

Abraham's family moves to Egypt and later becomes enslaved. God rescues them through Moses, gives the commandments at Sinai, and leads them to the land of promise.

Key moments

  • Hundreds of years in Egypt
  • The burning bush
  • The Exodus and the sea. Many scholars say about 1250 BC; some say earlier
  • The commandments at Mount Sinai
  • The judges, like Deborah

People

  • Moses
  • Miriam
  • Deborah

Big ideaGod rescues first, then gives the commandments as a gift for free people.

Go deeper

About 1050 to 587 BC

Kings and prophets

Israel asks for a king. David rules, and God promises his family a throne forever. Later the kingdom splits, prophets call the people back to God, and Babylon destroys Jerusalem.

Key moments

  • About 1000 BCDavid becomes king
  • About 960 BCSolomon builds the temple
  • About 930 BCThe kingdom splits in two
  • 722 BCAssyria conquers the north
  • 587 BCBabylon destroys Jerusalem and the temple

People

  • David
  • Elijah
  • Isaiah
  • Jonah

Big ideaEven when the kings failed, God kept the promise.

Go deeper

587 to about 430 BC

Exile and return

Many people are taken far away to Babylon. It feels like the end. Then they come home, rebuild the temple, and wait for God's promised king.

Key moments

  • 587 BCExile in Babylon
  • 538 BCThe first people return home
  • About 515 BCThe temple is rebuilt

People

  • Daniel
  • Ezra and Nehemiah

Big idea“Comfort, O comfort my people.” Hope came in the darkest time.

Go deeper

About 430 to 6 BC

Between the testaments

About four hundred years pass between the last books of the Hebrew Bible and the birth of Jesus. Some books from this time, called the Apocrypha, appear in Catholic and Orthodox Bibles, and Luther printed them in his Bible too. Empires rise and fall. God's people keep waiting.

Key moments

  • Greek, then Roman, rule over the land

Big ideaWaiting is part of the story too.

Go deeper

About 6 BC to AD 30Turning point

God with us

Jesus is born, teaches, heals, dies on the cross, and rises from the dead. Lutherans read the whole Bible to find him at the center.

Key moments

  • About 6 to 4 BCJesus is born in Bethlehem
  • About AD 28Jesus begins teaching
  • About AD 30The cross and the empty tomb

People

  • Mary
  • Peter
  • Mary Magdalene First to see the risen Jesus

Big ideaThe Word became human and lived among us.

Go deeper

About AD 30 to 100

The church begins

The Holy Spirit comes at Pentecost and the church begins. Paul and others carry the good news across the Roman world. Revelation shows how the story ends: God making all things new.

Key moments

  • About 30Pentecost
  • 50sPaul's letters
  • About 70The Gospel of Mark

People

  • Paul
  • Priscilla
  • Phoebe

Big ideaYou're living in the middle chapters, and you already know how it ends.

Go deeper

Jump ahead to Luther's life ›